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Blood glucose control is not only the key issue of diabetes management, but also one of the goals of diabetes treatment.Pain associated with self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG)results in poor compliance with blood glucose testing.With the advent of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM), it is more convenient to detect blood glucose and realize dynamic glucose monitoring.Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)is widely used in adults with diabetes, and the usage among children is also increasing.Many studies have conducted clinical trials on the use of CGM in children with diabetes, initially confirming the use of CGM in children with diabetes.However, some studies still have controversies on the use of CGM in children.In this paper, the clinical studies of CGM in children′s diabetes in recent years were summarized to further understand the application of CGM and its combined insulin pump in pediatrics.
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The clinical data of a child with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome in Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.A 26-day old female presented with no weight gain, more sleep, mild feeding difficulty and low muscle tension.A novel nonsense mutation (c.3464c > A) was found in ASXL3 gene through whole exon sequencing, namely a pathogenic mutation, and has not been reported at home and abroad.At the age of 6 months, special facial features were obvious, with claw-shaped hands and bilateral wrists deviated to ulnar side.Follow-up revealed that psychomotor development is retarded.
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Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the long-term treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children, to analyze the factors influencing the efficacy, and to provide theoretical guidance for the application of CSII in long-term therapy and follow-up management.Method:A total of 60 T1DM children who were under 18 years old, lived in Qingdao for a long time, had CSII for more than 6 months, and visited the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology of Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital for a long term from January 2019 to June 2019 were followed up with questionnaires to understand their general condition and treatment-related data.Result:After the CSII therapy, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of T1DM children significantly decreased from (9.58±2.08)% to (7.12±1.11)% ( t=7.315, P<0.05), the daily insulin dosage per unit weight significantly declined from 0.91(0.86, 0.94) IU to 0.80 (0.66, 0.88) IU ( Z=-5.514, P<0.05), and the frequency of both hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis was significantly reduced.Diet control, daily exercise time, the visit frequency and the self-monitoring frequency of blood glucose affected the curative effect of CSII therapy (all P<0.05). Conclusion:CSII therapy can effectively control the blood glucose of children with T1DM in Qingdao area, significantly lower HbA1c, and reduce the insulin dosage and the incidence of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis.Good diet control, regular exercise, regular follow-up and a high frequency of blood glucose monitoring are associated with better glycemic control.
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Background:Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder.Case characteristics: A 26-day-old neonate presented with feeding difficulties, excessivesleeping, and hirsutism over forehead and lumbosacral skin. Outcome: Whole-exomesequencing identified a novel nonsensemutation. Message: We report a novel mutation ina Chinese neonate with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome.
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Objective To observe the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of procalcitonin (PCT),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in children with purulent meningitis and viral encephalitis,and evaluat the differential diagnosis value of PCT and MMP-9.Methods The clinical data of 73 patients with intracranial infection admitted to neurology of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from September 2014 to December 2015.Twenty-two patients with pumlent meningitis were se1ected as purulent meningitis group,51 patients with viral encephalitis as viral encephalitis group,and another 20 non-infectious convulsion children as a control group.Samples of 2 ml CSF and 3 ml venous blood from all the subjects were collected within 24 hours after admission.The levels of MMP-9 were detected by Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the PCT 1evels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The data in multiple groups were compared with analysis of variance,and by SNK-q test to carry on pairwise comparison among groups.The positive rate significance compared by Chi-square test.Linear correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis.Results Mean serum and CSF levels of PCT in the pumlent meningitis patients group were significantly higher than those in the viral encephalitis group as well as the control group (P ＜ 0.01),but the levels of serum or CSF there were no significant difference between the viral encephalitis group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05);Mean serum and CSF levels of MMP-9 in the pumlent meningitis patients group were significantly higher than those in the viral encephalitis group and control group (P ＜ 0.01),and the levels in patients with viral encephalitis were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01);The increased percentage of the serum and CSF PCT in pumlent meningitis group were significantly higher than in viral encephalitis group (P ＜ 0.01).,but there were no significant difference for MMP-9 (P ＞ 0.05);The PCT level of serum or CSF in pumlent meningitis patients was positively correlated with MMP-9 (r =0.498,P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant correlation in viral encephalitis group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Detection of PCT and MMP-9 level is valuable in differential diagnosis for the pumlent meningitis or viral encephalitis.